External rotation of the shoulder allows for the lats to be strongest. The lats are the prime movers in pull-ups. Imagine holding your arm straight out in front of you and tucking your elbow to your hip then rotating outwardly (right elbow towards the right - left elbow towards the left). This both brings your shoulders back and externally rotates them. This is where the lats are strong, and should be the movement you mimic when doing pull-ups.and other lat work (back).
Elbow position should be tucked at all times throughout the movement. If it hovers up and outwards the lats will be weaker. So ultimately this paints a picture of starting the movement with externally rotated shoulders and as you raise yourself by contracting your lats, keep your arms tucked and let off a bit on the external shoulder rotation. Sink back down and open your shoulders again.
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